A sovereign wealth fund (SWF) is a state-owned investment fund that governments use to invest surplus revenues and other financial reserves. They often hold significant equity stakes in national champions, which are large and strategically important companies typically linked to key sectors of national importance.

Some popular examples include Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund holding stakes in Saudi Aramco, Temasek Holdings in Singapore holding stakes in Singapore Airlines and Singtel, Khazanah Nasional Berhad in Malaysia holding stakes in Telekom Malaysia and Tenaga Nasional, etc...

For the purposes of this debate, Chinese grey zone tactics are coercive, low-level actions that include the use of maritime militias and coast guard patrols in territorially ambiguous areas. They operate just below the threshold of war especially in areas like the South China Sea and Taiwan - while avoiding direct military escalation.

Territorially ambiguous areas are geographic zones where jurisdiction is unclear or contested in practice but not formalized in law - often due to vague geographic features (e.g., submerged reefs), overlapping maritime entitlements, or imprecise claims (e.g., China’s nine-dash line).

The social model of disability views disability as stemming from communities, services and spaces that are not accessible or inclusive. In the social model of disability, it is society that places limits on a person, not their disability. This is as opposed to medical models of disability which situate the harms of disability in the features of the illness itself.

Within the Republican Party, foreign policy debates are shaped between hawkish and dovish approaches.

The hawkish approach advocates for military intervention, robust defense spending, and global leadership through alliances and force projection. Some popular examples of hawkish Republicans include Marco Rubio, Lindsey Graham, Tom Cotton, etc...

On the other hand, the dovish approach emphasizes military restraint, skepticism of foreign interventions, opposition to nation-building, and a preference for transactional diplomacy. Some popular examples of dovish Republicans include JD Vance, Rand Paul, Josh Hawley, etc...

Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity financing provided by specialized firms or funds to early-stage, high-potential, and often high-risk startups with significant growth potential.

A controlling stake refers to an ownership position in a company typically through acquisition of majority shares that grants the holder significant authority to influence or dictate major corporate decisions.

"Currency of life is time" is the belief that the value of material wealth and money diminishes with age since your time and ability to use it decreases. Rather than the pursuit of increasing material wealth, it promotes maximizing happiness. For instance, a 40 year old man with 3 million dollars is considered richer than a 80 year old man with 6 million dollars.

A number of India's North-eastern states predominantly governed by regional political parties, face multiple armed insurgencies involving several militants groups, arising out of a history of ethnic tensions. These insurgencies often target state security forces, infrastructure, and rival ethnic communities.

Recently, the insurgency in Manipur, which erupted in May 2023, was characterized by ethnic violence between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities, resulting in significant loss of life and displacement. The conflict stemmed from a court decision regarding the Meitei community's demand for Scheduled Tribe status, which the Kuki-Zo oppose due to concerns about potential loss of their traditional rights and land. In response, the central government deployed large numbers of central paramilitary forces, asserted emergency-like powers, and shifted key administrative powers to the Governor, bypassing the elected state government.